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Examples of urinalysis performed at PAWsitive Vet Care:

1. Urinalysis

Urinalysis is the most fundamental diagnostic test used to evaluate the urinary system. It includes assessment of the following:

  1. Physical Properties of Urine
  • Color: Normally clear yellow. Changes may indicate hematuria, infection, or dehydration.
  • Clarity: Normally clear. Cloudiness may indicate the presence of white blood cells, crystals, lipids, or bacteria.
  • Odor: May be stronger in cases of urinary tract infection or the presence of ketones.

 

  1. Chemical Analysis (Dipstick Testing)
  • pH: Measures urine acidity (normal range: 5.5–7.0). Elevated pH may be associated with urinary tract infections or diet.
  • Protein: May indicate kidney disease or inflammation.
  • Glucose: Not normally present. Its presence may indicate diabetes mellitus or stress.
  • Ketones: May be present in diabetic ketoacidosis or prolonged anorexia.
  • Blood: May indicate trauma, urinary stones, inflammation, or cancer.
  • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): May suggest inflammation or infection.
  • Bilirubin: May be seen in liver disease or hemolysis.

 

  1. Urine Specific Gravity (USG)
  • Measures urine concentration using a refractometer.
  • Helps assess kidney function and hydration status.
  • Low SG: May indicate kidney disease, diabetes insipidus, or excessive water intake. High SG: May be associated with dehydration, acute kidney injury, or urinary retention.

Urine Culture and Sensitivity Testing

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